Design Meets Data: From Static Slicers to Interactive Decision Aids


Slicers are some of the most commonly used elements in Power BI, yet they often receive less attention than they deserve. They are frequently added to a report, filled with data, and then left for users to navigate on their own.

Users understand their selections, but often lack additional context to inform their decisions. Choosing a category or product line is straightforward, yet the impact of that choice remains unclear until after the selection is made.

We can design our slicers to do more. By displaying preview counts, averages, or percentages, they give users a better understanding of scale and significance before making decisions. This results in smoother exploration and more confident choices, allowing slicers to actively guide analysis rather than merely filtering data.

A sample report is available at the end of this post. Visit the sample report below to explore the examples in action!

From Static Slicers to Interactive Decision Aids – Sample Power BI Report


Building the First Dynamic Slicer with Count of Sales

Let’s begin with a straightforward example of this method, where we display counts next to each slicer value. Instead of selecting an option and waiting for a visual update, or using limited canvas space to show a simple count, the user can see the amount of data associated with each choice directly within the slicer.

Thanks to Davide Bacci (GitHub – PBI-David/PBI-Core-Visuals-SVG-HTML) for the idea and the DAX measures that got us started.

We are developing a sales region slicer. Typically, a user would only see the list of regions. By adding a measure that calculates the number of related sales records for each option, we can transform that list into a preview of the selection’s impacts.

The pattern utilizes the Power BI list slicer, coupled with an SVG measure used for its image property based on the button selection state (default, hover, pressed, selected).

Step #1 – Base Metric

The base metric is the measure displayed to the right of the sales region name. For our first example, this is a simple count of our sales records.

Sales Count = COUNTROWS(Sales)

Step #2 – Centralized Styling

We style the SVG with CSS, allowing us to set colors, fonts, and other aesthetics for the different button states (default, hover, selected, etc.).

SVG Slicer Styling = "
<style>
.slicerTextDefault {
    font:9pt Segoe UI Regular;
    fill:#9FC2D9;
    text-anchor: end;
    alignment-baseline: middle
    }

.slicerTextHover {
    font:9pt Segoe UI Regular;
    fill:#FFFFFF;
    text-anchor: end;
    alignment-baseline: middle
    }

.slicerTextPressed {
    font:9pt Segoe UI Regular;
    fill:#FFFFFF;
    text-anchor: end;
    alignment-baseline: middle
    }

.slicerTextSelected {
    font:9pt Segoe UI Regular;
    fill:#073450;
    text-anchor: end;
    alignment-baseline: middle
    }
</style>
"
    

Step #3 – SVG Measure

Next, we create the SVG measure for each state we are targeting.

SVG Slicer Default =
"data:image/svg+xml;utf8,
<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100% 100%'>" & [SVG Slicer Styling] & "
<rect x='0' y='0' width='100%' height='100%' fill='transparent'></rect>
<text x='100%' y='55%' class='slicerTextDefault'>(" & FORMAT([Sales Count], "#,#") & ")</text>
</svg>"

SVG Slicer Hover =
"data:image/svg+xml;utf8,
<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100% 100%'>" & [SVG Slicer Styling] & "
<rect x='0' y='0' width='100%' height='100%' fill='transparent'></rect>
<text x='100%' y='55%' class='slicerTextHover'>(" & FORMAT([Sales Count], "#,#") & ")</text>
</svg>"

SVG Slicer Pressed =
"data:image/svg+xml;utf8,
<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100% 100%'>" & [SVG Slicer Styling] & "
<rect x='0' y='0' width='100%' height='100%' fill='transparent'></rect>
<text x='100%' y='55%' class='slicerTextPressed'>(" & FORMAT([Sales Count], "#,#") & ")</text>
</svg>"

SVG Slicer Selected =
"data:image/svg+xml;utf8,
<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100% 100%'>" & [SVG Slicer Styling] & "
<rect x='0' y='0' width='100%' height='100%' fill='transparent'></rect>
<text x='100%' y='55%' class='slicerTextSelected'>(" & FORMAT([Sales Count], "#,#") & ")</text>
</svg>"

Step #4 – Build the List Slicer

We add the List Slicer visual to our report and set the Slicer settings, Layout, Callout values, and Buttons properties to meet our reporting needs and styling requirements.

Then we move to the Images property to take our slicer from basic to a decision aid. Using the State dropdown menu, we set the following measures for the field property.

  • Default: SVG Slicer Default
  • Hover: SVG Slicer Hover
  • Pressed: SVG Slicer Pressed
  • Selected: SVG Slicer Selected

The result is a dynamic slicer that provides context before a choice is made. This enhances the data exploration experience, allowing for informed and confident selections.


From Totals to Insight: Rich Previews on Your Slicer

Displaying record counts is a good starting point, but we can expand on this idea. Instead of showing just totals, we can surface insights that make the slicer a guide rather than just a filter.

Make it Reusable & Maintainable

Before jumping into examples, let’s first make our SVG Slicer measures easier to reuse and update. We will replace the explicit measure used for display (e.g. [Number of Sales]) with a single new measure, [SVG Slicer Display].

SVG Slicer Default =
"data:image/svg+xml;utf8,
<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'  viewBox='0 0 100% 100%'  >" & [SVG Slicer Styling] &"
<rect x='0' y='0' width='100%' height='100%' fill='transparent'> </rect>
<text x='100%' y='55%' class='slicerTextDefault'>" &  [SVG Slicer Display] & "</text>
</svg>"

// Do the same swap in Hover / Pressed / Selected

Referencing this new measure will allow us to set what we want to display in one location, and all of our SVG Slicer measures (Default, Hover, Pressed, Selected) will update accordingly.

Example #1: % of Total (Within Selection vs Overall)

Our report presents the user with the total sales amounts for each region and product. But totals don’t always tell the story. Showing percentages helps answer two key questions quickly: How big is this option compared to the other? and How much does it contribute overall?

We can provide better insights at a glance by presenting a % of Total measure for each slicer option.

SVG Slicer % of Total = 
--% of Total (Within Selection vs Overall)

-- Base value calculated total sales for each value
VAR _contextTotal = [Sales Metric (CY)]
-- Total sales of the dimension within scope
VAR _selectedTotal = 
    SWITCH(
        TRUE(),
        ISINSCOPE(Regions[Region]),CALCULATE([Sales Metric (CY)], REMOVEFILTERS(Regions[Region])),
        ISINSCOPE(Products[Product]),CALCULATE([Sales Metric (CY)], REMOVEFILTERS(Products[Product]))
    )
-- Annual overall total sales
VAR _overallTotal = CALCULATE([Sales Metric (CY)], REMOVEFILTERS(Products[Product]), REMOVEFILTERS(Regions[Region]))
-- The two percentage calculations to show
VAR __percentageWithinSelection = DIVIDE(_contextTotal, _selectedTotal)
VAR _percentageOverall = DIVIDE(_contextTotal, _overallTotal)
-- Logic determining which calculation to show
---- Region Slicer and Products are filtered -> show within selection
---- Product Slicer and Regions are filtered -> show within selection
---- Otherwise -> show overall
VAR _percentageDisplay = 
    SWITCH(
        TRUE(), 
        //Regional Slicer Conditions
        ISINSCOPE(Regions[Region]) && ISFILTERED(Products), __percentageWithinSelection,
        //Products Slicer Conditions
        ISINSCOPE(Products[Product]) && ISFILTERED(Regions), __percentageWithinSelection,
        //Default
        _percentageOverall
    )
RETURN
    IF( 
        NOT ISBLANK(_percentageDisplay) && _percentageDisplay <> 0, 
        FORMAT(_percentageDisplay, "0.0%"), 
        "-–"
    )

To avoid confusion and clarify the meaning of each percentage within its current context, we also add the following measures to the subtitle property of our slicers.

SVG Slicer Region SubTitle = IF(ISFILTERED(Products), "% w/in Product Selection", "% Overall")

SVG Slicer Product SubTitle = IF(ISFILTERED(Regions), " % w/in Regional Selection", "% Overall")

BONUS!: Curious about the Top Performers on the Regional data cards? Check out My Best Power BI KPI Card (So Far 😅) by Isabelle Bittar for the details!

Why show both “overall” and “within selection”?

  • Overall answers: “How important or significant is this choice globally?” Helpful in spotting major contributors or outliers without any filtering required.
  • Within selection answers: “Inside my current regional selection, how much does this item contribute or matter?” Perfect when users have already narrowed the context (e.g. filtered to a specific region and are now choosing products within it).

Example #2: Tracking Sales Trends

Totals and percentages show size and share, but they don’t show direction. By adding arrows and percent change to slicer items, users see momentum at a glance. What’s rising, what’s falling, and what’s holding steady.

Step #1: Calculating the 6-Month Trend

This measure compares sales from the past six months to those from the previous six months. The outcome is a percent change that serves as the basis for our trend indicator.

Sales Trend % (6M vs Prev 6M) = 
-- Trend preview (6M vs prior 6M)

-- Anchor date for the window (respects current filter context; falls back to max Sales date)
VAR _anchor = MAX(Sales[SalesDate])
-- Total sales for the last 6 months ending at the anchor date
VAR _last6m =
    CALCULATE ([Total Sales], DATESINPERIOD (DateTable[Date], _anchor, -6, MONTH))
-- Total sales for the prior 6 months (months -12 to -6 from the anchor)
VAR _prev6m =
    CALCULATE (
        [Total Sales],
        DATESBETWEEN (DateTable[Date], EDATE (_anchor, -12), EDATE (_anchor, -6))
    ) 

RETURN 
DIVIDE ( _last6m - _prev6m, _prev6m )

Step #2: Enhancing Percent Change With A Visual Indicator

Once we have identified the trend, the next step is to add a visual indicator to quickly determine whether the trend is moving up or down. A positive change is represented by an upward arrow, a negative change by a downward arrow, and any changes that fall within our defined noise band are indicated with a flat arrow.

SVG Slicer Trend Indicator = 
-- Render trend as arrow + % change label

-- Sales trend % from the prior measure
VAR _pct   = [Sales Trend % (6M vs Prev 6M)]
-- Noise band threshold (avoid flipping arrows on tiny changes)
VAR _band  = 0.02
-- Select arrow symbol based on trend direction
VAR _arrow =
    SWITCH ( TRUE(),
        ISBLANK ( _pct ),  "",
        _pct >  _band,     UNICHAR(11165),
        _pct < -_band,     UNICHAR(11167),
                           UNICHAR(11166)
    )
-- Format percentage text, fallback to “--” if blank
VAR pctTxt =
    IF (ISBLANK(_pct), "--", FORMAT(_pct, "0.0%"))
RETURN 
_arrow & " " & pctTxt

Step #3: Assigning Classes for Styling

To ensure our indicator remains readable across various slicer states (e.g. default, hover, pressed, selected), each state is assigned a simple class key: up, down, or flat. These keys correspond to different color rules in our SVG Slicer Styling measure.

SVG Trend Class Key = 
-- Assign trend class (up, down, flat) for slicer styling

-- Sales trend %
VAR pct  = [Sales Trend % (6M vs Prev 6M)]
-- Noise band threshold (avoid class flips on tiny changes)
VAR band = 0.02
-- Return class string for styling: up / down / flat
RETURN
    SWITCH ( TRUE(),
        ISBLANK ( pct ), "flat",
        pct >  band,     "up",
        pct < -band,     "down",
                         "flat"
    )

Step #4: Add Styling for State and Trend

Enhance the styling of our slicers by adding classes for trend and selection states. Defining these colors will ensure readability on both dark and light slicer backgrounds.

SVG Slicer Styling = 
"
<style>
.slicerTextDefault {
    font:9pt Segoe UI Regular; 
    fill:#9FC2D9;
    text-anchor:end; 
    alignment-baseline:middle
    }
.slicerTextHover {
    font:9pt Segoe UI Regular; 
    fill:#FFFFFF;
    text-anchor:end; 
    alignment-baseline:middle
    }
.slicerTextPressed {
    font:9pt Segoe UI Regular; 
    fill:#FFFFFF;
    text-anchor:end; 
    alignment-baseline:middle
    }
.slicerTextSelected {
    font:9pt Segoe UI Regular; 
    fill:#073450;
    text-anchor:end; 
    alignment-baseline:middle
    }

.up-default   { fill:#79D3B5; }  
.down-default { fill:#FFA19A; }  
.flat-default { fill:#BFD4E2; }

.up-hover     { fill:#79D3B5; }  
.down-hover   { fill:#FFA19A; }  
.flat-hover   { fill:#BFD4E2; }

.up-pressed   { fill:#79D3B5; }  
.down-pressed { fill:#FFA19A; }  
.flat-pressed { fill:#BFD4E2; }

.up-selected   { fill:#0F7B5F; }  
.down-selected { fill:#B23D33; } 
.flat-selected { fill:#4A6373; }
</style>
"

Step #4: Wrap Our Trend Indicator in our SVG Slicer Measures

Finally, we update our display measure, which determines what appears in our slicer. This wrapper combines the class key with the slicer’s state.

SVG Slicer Display = 
-- Display sales trend comparing the last 6M to the 6M prior 
    [SVG Slicer Trend Indicator] 
SVG Slicer Default = 
VAR _state = "default"
VAR _cls = [SVG Trend Class Key] & "-" & _state        
RETURN
"data:image/svg+xml;utf8,
<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'  viewBox='0 0 100% 100%'  >" & [SVG Slicer Styling] &"
<rect x='0' y='0' width='100%' height='100%' fill='transparent'> </rect>
<text x='100%' y='55%' class='slicerTextDefault " & _cls & "'>" &  [SVG Slicer Display] & "</text>
</svg>"

SVG Slicer Hover = 
VAR _state = "hover"
VAR _cls = [SVG Trend Class Key] & "-" & _state   
RETURN
"data:image/svg+xml;utf8,
<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'  viewBox='0 0 100% 100%'  >" & [SVG Slicer Styling] &"
<rect x='0' y='0' width='100%' height='100%' fill='transparent'> </rect>
<text x='100%' y='55%' class='slicerTextHover " & _cls & "'>" & [SVG Slicer Display] & "</text>
</svg>"

SVG Slicer Pressed = 
VAR _state = "pressed"
VAR _cls = [SVG Trend Class Key] & "-" & _state   
RETURN
"data:image/svg+xml;utf8,
<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'  viewBox='0 0 100% 100%'  >" & [SVG Slicer Styling] &"
<rect x='0' y='0' width='100%' height='100%' fill='transparent'> </rect>
<text x='100%' y='55%' class='slicerTextPressed " & _cls & "'>" &  [SVG Slicer Display] & "</text>
</svg>"

SVG Slicer Selected = 
VAR _state = "selected"
VAR _cls = [SVG Trend Class Key] & "-" & _state   
RETURN
"data:image/svg+xml;utf8,
<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'  viewBox='0 0 100% 100%'  >" & [SVG Slicer Styling] &"
<rect x='0' y='0' width='100%' height='100%' fill='transparent'> </rect>
<text x='100%' y='55%' class='slicerTextSelected " & _cls & "'>" &  [SVG Slicer Display] & "</text>
</svg>"

Why This Matters

By incorporating trend indicators directly into the slicer, users can see not only the magnitude of sales but also the momentum behind them. A mid-level product that is experiencing rising sales can stand out just as much as a top seller in decline. This additional context helps focus attention on what is changing, rather than just what is popular.


Slicers can be more than just passive filters in our reports. By incorporating a few DAX measures and some simple SVG styling, we can transform them into interactive visuals that provide insights and help users better understand their selections. Since our reports have limited canvas space, enhancing our slicers with these features enables us to utilize the entire canvas area effectively.

The next time you add a slicer, consider going beyond a simple list. Consider how the slicer can facilitate a dynamic interaction with the data, helping to inform decisions and answer key questions before users take action. This subtle design shift can significantly enhance users’ ability to explore our reports.

The example report can be found at the link below!

A practical series on blending UX and analytics in Power BI. Each entry includes a working PBIX and sample data so you can explore design patterns directly in your own environment.


Thank you for reading! Stay curious, and until next time, happy learning.

And, remember, as Albert Einstein once said, “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.” So, don’t be afraid of making mistakes, practice makes perfect. Continuously experiment, explore, and challenge yourself with real-world scenarios.

If this sparked your curiosity, keep that spark alive and check back frequently. Better yet, be sure not to miss a post by subscribing! With each new post comes an opportunity to learn something new.

Power BI Object-Level Security Explained: Control Table and Column Access by Role


This is the third part of a series on security and design approaches in Power BI.

In the article Power BI Row-Level Security Explained: Protect Data by User Role, we examined Row-Level Security (RLS) and how to restrict access to specific rows of data based on the user’s identity.

Discover how to personalize your reports and show each user only the data they require in just a few clicks.

In the article Partial RLS Explained: Let Users See the Bigger Picture, we explored Partial RLS, a design pattern that allows users to view high-level context, such as company-wide totals, while still enforcing Row-Level Security (RLS) on detailed sales data.

Explore how to deliver personalized insights without losing the bigger picture.

We will now focus on another important aspect of data model security: Object-Level Security (OLS).

While RLS controls which rows within a table a user can access, OLS restricts visibility and interaction with specific tables and columns within the data model.

In this post, we will cover the following topics:

  • An overview of Object-Level Security (OLS)
  • A use case demonstrating how different user roles can view different data model objects
  • A step-by-step guide to implementing OLS
  • Key considerations and limitations

What is Object-Level Security

In Power BI, Object-Level Security (OLS) enables data modelers to restrict access to specific tables or columns based on the roles assigned to report viewers.

The key difference between RLS and OLS lies in what they restrict:

  • RLS controls which rows of data a user can access within a table.
  • OLS determines whether a user can see the table or specific columns.

OLS cannot be used to secure or hide measures directly. However, measures are impacted by OLS. If a measure references a column or table that is hidden for a specific role, the measure will also be automatically hidden for that role. It is important to consider this when designing experiences tailored to specific roles.

Power BI manages these data dependencies for us, ensuring that calculations based on secured data remain safe from exposure. However, there is a potential risk that some visuals in our report may not display correctly for viewers who do not have access to specific measures.


Use Case: Hide Reviews Tables and Sensitive Customer Columns

To examine and understand the value of OLS, let’s go through a scenario using a sample report.

Interested in following along? The Power BI sample report is available here: EMGuyant GitHub – Power BI Security Patterns.

We are developing a Power BI report for a sales organization. The data model includes two restricted areas:

  1. The Reviews table contains product reviews from customers and their demographic information.
  2. The Customers table includes several columns with customer details that should only be accessible to specific roles.

Access Requirements
Access to the report is structured around four user roles.

The Regional Sales Basic role serves as the foundational level, providing minimal access. Users assigned this role can view sales data related to their sales region and basic customer information. They are restricted from viewing the Reviews table and the detailed customer information columns.

Next is the Regional Sales Advanced role. Users in this role have all the same access as Regional Sales Basic users but this role is able view the detailed customer information columns.

The Product Analyst role has access to the Reviews table but cannot view the detailed customer information columns. They can also view the sales and review data for any region they are assigned to.

Finally, there is the Leadership role. These users can see all the data for any region they are assigned.


Step-by-Step: Configure OLS in Power BI

After creating our data model and defining the tables and columns to which we plan to restrict access, we can begin configuring OLS.

To configure OLS, we will use the Tabular Editor Power BI external tool. There are many external tools for Power BI Desktop; visit Featured open-source tools to view a list of common and popular external tools.

Tabular Editor is a lightweight tool that allows us to build, maintain, and manage tabular models efficiently.

1) Create Roles in Power BI Desktop
In Power BI Desktop, we navigate to the Modeling tab and select “Manage Roles.” We then create the four roles using the following DAX expression for RLS filtering on the User Access table. This table contains the user’s User Principal Name (UPN), region ID, and role for that region.

'User Access'[UPN] = USERPRINCIPALNAME()

2) Open Tabular Editor and Configure OLS
We navigate to External tools in Power BI Desktop and then open Tabular Editor. Under Model, select Roles. The roles we created in Step 1 will appear.

We expand the Table Permissions to set the permissions for each role we want to configure OLS for.

  • None: OLS is enforced, and the table or column is hidden from that role.
  • Read: The table or column is visible to the role.

3) Secure Specific Tables
To configure OLS for the Reviews table, we need to ensure that only users with the Product Analyst or Leadership roles have access to this table.

First, select the Reviews table and navigate to Object Level Security options under Translations, Perspectives, and Security. Set the permissions to “None” for the Regional Sales Basic and Regional Sales Advanced roles.

4) Secure Specific Columns
Next, we secure the Address, PreferredContactMethod, and ContactInformation columns within the Customers table. To do this, we locate the Customers table and expand it to view its columns.

Then, we select each column we want to secure and set each role’s permissions under Object Level Security. For each column above, we set the permissions for the Regional Sales Basic and Product Analyst roles to None.

Once we finish configuring our OLS rules, we save the changes in Tabular Editor and then publish the semantic model to the Power BI service. Depending on our combination of RLS and OLS, testing within Power BI Desktop using the View as > Other user will not function as expected. We will test and validate our OLS rules in the Power BI Service.

Note: If using the sample report, before testing in the Power BI Service the UPN column within the User Access table will have to contain valid user UPNs.

5) Assign Users to Roles in the Power BI Service
To add users to a role in the Power BI Service, we need to navigate to the workspace where the semantic model has been published. First, locate the semantic model, click on the “More options” ellipsis (…), and then select “Security.”

In the Row-Level Security screen, we can add users or security groups to each role we’ve created.

We have four users to test the OLS (with RLS) implementation:

  1. Talia Norridge: Leadership role for all regions
  2. Lena Marwood: Product Analyst for Europe and Asia regions
  3. Jasper Kellin: Regional Sales Advanced for North America
  4. Elara Voss: Regional Sales Basic for Asia

6) Test OLS Implementation
On the Security screen, we select the More options ellipsis (…) next to a role and then Test as role.

Then, at the top, we select Now viewing as and then Select a person to validate that the OLS rules function as expected.

Leadership Role
When we view the report as Talia Norridge in the Leadership role, we can see that all the regional sales information is displayed in the data cards at the bottom.

We confirm that Talia also has access to the Reviews table by hovering over the sales by product bar chart. The tooltip for this visual contains measures based on the product review data (e.g. average review rating).

Next, we verify that Talia has access to detailed customer information by hovering over a customer in the sales by customer bar chart. The tooltip for this visual shows the customer’s name and contact information (ContactInformation is a secured column).

Product Analyst Role
Reviewing the report as Lena Marwood in the Product Analyst role, we see that her assignment is limited to the Asia and Europe sales regions. As a result, the total sales value reflects only these regions, and the top performers on the North America data card are hidden.

We confirm that Lena can access the Reviews table by checking the sales by product tooltip, and we see that, like the Leadership role, the data appears as expected.

We confirm that Lena should not have access to detailed customer information. When we hover over the sales by customer visual, the tooltip shows an error when displaying the customer’s contact information.

The customer’s name is displayed without issue because this is not a secured column. However, Lena’s role does not have permission to access the ContactInformation column, which prevents the report from retrieving this data.

Regional Sales Advanced
When we view the report as Jasper Kellin, who holds the Regional Sales Advanced role, we confirm that the sales data only reflects his assigned region.

Next, we check the tooltips that display the review data and detailed customer information.

We verify that the review data produces the expected error because Jasper cannot access the Reviews table. As a result, he is unable to access the entire table and any measures that depend on it, such as the Average Score.

The Average Score measure is defined using the following DAX expression.

Average Score = AVERAGE(Reviews[SatisfactionScore])

After reviewing the customer sales data, we confirm that the contact information is presented in the tooltip to Jasper without any errors.

Regional Sales Basic
When we view the report as Elara Voss, who holds the Regional Sales Basic role, we confirm that the sales data only reflects their assigned region.

Next, we check the tooltips that display the review data and detailed customer information.

Both tooltips display the expected error since Elara does not have permissions to the Reviews table or the detailed customer information columns.


Considerations and Limitations

OLS in Power BI offers a robust layer of protection, but there are important limitations to consider before deploying it.

1) OLS applies only to users with the Viewer workspace role. Workspace members with Admin, Member, or Contributor roles have edit permissions on the semantic model, and OLS does not apply to them.

2) Combining OLS and RLS from different roles is not allowed; doing so may cause unintended access and generate an error.

3) Power BI automatically hides measures referencing a column or table restricted by OLS. Although Power BI does not offer a direct way to secure a measure, measures can be implicitly secured if they reference a secure table or column.

4) When users attempt to view visualizations dependent on a secured object with OLS configured, they encounter an error message. As a result, the report seems broken to these users. However, for specific roles this is expected. For example, the Regional Sales Basic role does not have permissions to the Reviews table, so it should not be available in the data set for these viewers.


BONUS: Mask Visual Errors and Control Page Navigation

When OLS hides a table or column, any visual that relies on that data will become unusable for users without access (refer to error message #4 above). While this error is anticipated, it may confuse users who might think the report is broken.

One possible workaround is to use a DAX measure and conditionally formatted shapes to cover the visual for users who cannot access the data.

In our sample report, we can create the following DAX measures to manage the visibility of the data on our tooltips.

Customer Detail Visible =
If([UserRole] <> "Regional Sales Basic", "#FFFFFF00","#f1f9ff")

Rating Detail Visible =
If([UserRole] = "Product Analyst" || [UserRole] = "Leadership", "#FFFFFF00","#f1f9ff")

We place a rectangle shape over the visuals that certain users cannot access, and then we conditionally format the fill color based on the measures.

It’s important to note that this is not an additional security layer or a replacement for OLS. This method only hides the error message to create a cleaner user experience.

However, this approach has a significant limitation. Our example works because the visuals underneath the shapes are not intended for user interaction. If the visuals are interactive for users with access to the data, the transparent shape overlay will prevent them from selecting or interacting with the visual. This means this workaround has a limited use case.

Certain design approaches can help manage which pages users can navigate to within a report. DAX-driven navigation buttons can create a user-friendly navigation experience, allowing users to navigate to the pages with data they have permission to view.

It’s important to note again that this approach does not provide security. However, it can help reduce the chances of users encountering error messages related to their access level based on typical report usage. Here is a brief walkthrough on this approach: RLS and OLS—Page Navigation.

While various design methods can enhance the user experience, OLS and RLS remain the only secure methods for controlling data access.


Wrapping Up

OLS in Power BI gives us a model-driven way to control access to specific tables and columns. Unlike Row-Level Security (RLS), which filters rows for authorized users, OLS prevents users from seeing certain objects of the model, removing entire tables and columns from the data experience.

When creating reports for broad audiences with different access needs, OLS can become essential to meet the requirements.


Thank you for reading! Stay curious, and until next time, happy learning.

And, remember, as Albert Einstein once said, “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.” So, don’t be afraid of making mistakes, practice makes perfect. Continuously experiment, explore, and challenge yourself with real-world scenarios.

If this sparked your curiosity, keep that spark alive and check back frequently. Better yet, be sure not to miss a post by subscribing! With each new post comes an opportunity to learn something new.

Power BI Partial RLS Explained: Let Users See the Bigger Picture


This post is part two of a series on Power BI security patterns. Check out part one for a beginner-friendly overview of row-level security in Power BI.

Discover how to personalize your reports and show each user only the data they require in just a few clicks.

This post will take our security design pattern one step further.

While row-level security (RLS) allows us to restrict data based on user roles and identities, there are times when we don’t want everything locked down. Occasionally, users need to see their data in relation to broader metrics, such as company-wide totals or averages.

In the sample report, regional sales teams should see detailed information only about their assigned region and the total sales for other regions.

In the previous post, we noted that standard RLS filters out other regional sales, preventing the totals from other regions from being displayed. This is where partial RLS becomes useful and can fulfill this requirement.

In this post, we will walk through:

  • What Partial RLS is and when to use it
  • A real-world scenario that calls for it
  • Key limitations and design tips

What is Partial Row-Level Security

Row-Level Security (RLS) applies filters at the dataset level throughout the entire datamodel for a user. This means that if RLS restricts a user to view only sales data for the North America region, every visual and measure in the report will be automatically limited to data associated with the North America region.

Using RLS is effective for data protection, but it can be a limitation when a report needs to provide a broader context to the user.

With report-level filters and slicers, DAX provides functions like ALL() and REMOVEFILTERS(), which can bypass data filtering. However, DAX expressions cannot bypass RLS.

Partial RLS is a design approach in Power BI that helps mitigate RLS’s limitations when necessary. The concept involves separating secured data from summary data, allowing users to view filtered and unfiltered insights side by side.

To achieve this, we will create a summary table (Annual Sales Summary (Regional)) within our datamodel. This summary table will aggregate the total sales across all regions and will not be affected by RLS filters. It provides overall totals that offer essential context when needed, while the RLS still restricts access to detailed sales information within our sales table.

In our sample report, RLS is applied to the Region table, and the RLS filter propagates to the Sales table.

In the datamodel, filters applied to the Region table do not directly impact the rows in our summary table. This means that users can see the total aggregated sales for all regions while still having RLS filters applied to the detailed sales data.


Use Case: Display Regional Total Sales and Percentage of Company-Wide Sales

We are designing a Power BI report for a global sales team. Each regional sales team member should only be able to:

  • View detailed transaction-level data for their assigned region
  • See key metrics, like total sales for all regions, to provide a broader context

Step 1: Apply RLS rules to the Region table

First, we define our RLS rules in Power BI Desktop, see Power BI Row-Level Security Explained: Protect Data by User Role.

The implemented RLS rules filter the Sales table and limits access to the appropriate region per user.

A challenge arises when we implement RLS while also trying to meet the second requirement. As shown in the image above, the total sales figures for Asia and North America appear blank when viewing the report with the Europe role.

This is because the measure used to calculate the totals uses the following expression.

Total Sales = SUM(Sales[Amount])

When RLS is implemented, users only have access to data specific to their region. For instance, when the Total Sales measure is evaluated, the Sales table is filtered to include only the sales data associated with the Europe sales region. As a result, the Total Sales measure reflects the total sales relevant to the user’s region rather than the entire dataset.

Step 2: Create a summary table

To address this issue and meet our requirements, we will create a calculated summary table in our data model. This table will store pre-aggregated total sales and total transactions by year and region.

Annual Sales Summary (Regional) =       
   SUMMARIZECOLUMNS(
      Sales[SalesDate].[Year],
      Regions[Region],
      "TotalRegionalSales", SUM(Sales[Amount]),   
      "TotalRegionalTransactions", COUNTROWS(Sales),
      "DateKey", FORMAT(DATE(MAX(Sales[SalesDate].[Year]), 12, 31), "YYYYMMDD")
)

This table does not have a direct relationship with the Region table, which is under RLS control, and our RLS roles will not filter it.

Step 3: Build dynamic DAX measures

We can now utilize this table in our measures to establish company-wide or cross-region metrics while ensuring the security of the underlying transactional data.

We first create two new measures within our datamodel to calculate the entire company’s total sales and transaction counts.

Total Sales (nonRLS) =
SUM('Annual Sales Summary (Regional)'[TotalRegionalSales])

Transaction Count (nonRLS) =
SUM('Annual Sales Summary (Regional)'[TotalRegionalTransactions])

We can use these base measures to dynamically display total sales or total transactions for all regions in the data cards at the bottom of the report, utilizing the following expression and visual filters.

Regional Total Sales =
VAR _currentYear = YEAR(MAX(Sales[SalesDate]))
VAR _selectedMetric = SELECTEDVALUE('Sales Metric'[Sales Metric Fields])

RETURN
If(
    _selectedMetric = "'_Measures'[Total Sales]",
    CALCULATE(
        [Total Sales (nonRLS)], 
        'Annual Sales Summary (Regional)'[Year]=_currentYear),
    CALCULATE(
        [Transation Count (nonRLS)], 
        'Annual Sales Summary (Regional)'[Year]=_currentYear)
)

Note: we can also use the fact that RLS filters the region table and expressions such as COUNTROWS() or SELECTEDVALUE() to hide or show the top performers data card.

RLS still applies to the top-row visuals and bar charts, which provide detailed breakdowns of regional sales. However, the summary table enables us to present the total sales for all regions within the data card along the bottom of our report.

Step 4: Combine RLS-filtered and unfiltered measures

The non-RLS base measures can also compare regional total sales or transactions based on the current user (RLS-filtered) as a percentage of the company-wide measure (unfiltered).

% of CompanyWide Sales =
DIVIDE([Total Sales], [Total Sales (nonRLS)])

Considerations and Limitations

While the partial RLS pattern can enhance the usability and insightfulness of our Power BI report, we must consider its capabilities and limitations, as well as the associated technical and design trade-offs.

Partial RLS does not override existing RLS filters; instead, it isolates high-level summary data in a separate table unaffected by these filters. This allows partial RLS to be used for comparisons or to add additional global context without exposing detailed row-level information.

1) When implementing partial RLS, it’s important to remember that datamodel relationships matter. The summary table must be included in the datamodel to ensure that cross-filtering from tables affected by RLS does not impact it. If the summary table is related to a table with RLS filters applied at the datamodel level, it will also be subject to the RLS filters.

2) When combining measures filtered by RLS with unfiltered measures, users may need assistance interpreting the visuals associated with these measures. Visual cues or proper labeling, such as Total Sales Across All Regions versus Your Regional Sales may be necessary to help clarify what users are seeing.

3) Partial RLS can be implemented efficiently when the summary table is small and pre-aggregated without complex DAX filtering. However, keep in mind that if the summary table grows too large or includes too much granularity, it may negatively impact the performance of our reports.

4) Implementing partial RLS can add complexity when creating DAX measures. Since RLS is enforced on our Sales table, any attempts to calculate totals, even when using functions like ALL() or REMOVEFILTER(), will still be subject to our RLS rules. While partial RLS offers additional insights into our data, it does not grant any additional access.

5) We must assess edge cases, such as data gaps or undefined user roles. If a user is assigned a role that is not properly mapped in our datamodel, they may encounter an empty report or access to detailed data. We should always validate our RLS roles to ensure they function as expected.


Wrapping Up

Partial RLS is a design approach used in cases where RLS filtering restricts our ability to give users a broader context for their data. This approach allows us to ensure secure access to detailed, role-specific data while providing users insight into the overall picture and how their data fits into a larger context.

We can provide contextual insights without revealing specific row details by utilizing partial row-level security, enabling us to create more comprehensive and insightful reports.

Row-Level Security (RLS) enables us to filter data at the row level, but it does not allow us to secure entire tables or columns within our datamodel. Make sure to check back for the next post, or better yet, subscribe so you don’t miss it!

In the next post, we will explore Object-Level Security (OLS) in Power BI. OLS is essential because it allows us to secure specific tables and columns from report viewers.

If you’d like to follow along and practice these techniques, Power BI sample reports are available here: EMGuyant GitHub – Power BI Security Patterns.


Thank you for reading! Stay curious, and until next time, happy learning.

And, remember, as Albert Einstein once said, “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.” So, don’t be afraid of making mistakes, practice makes perfect. Continuously experiment, explore, and challenge yourself with real-world scenarios.

If this sparked your curiosity, keep that spark alive and check back frequently. Better yet, be sure not to miss a post by subscribing! With each new post comes an opportunity to learn something new.

Power BI Row-Level Security Explained: Protect Data by User Role


When creating reports for teams across various departments or regions, it’s important to recognize that not everyone needs or wants to see the same data. This is where Row-Level Security (RLS) becomes essential.

We can use RLS to restrict data access for report viewers based on their identity. This eliminates the need to create separate reports for different departments or regions. With RLS, we can use a single report and dataset to generate personalized views for each individual or role.

In this guide, we will walk through:

  • What RLS is and why we should use it
  • Static vs Dynamic RLS
  • Step-by-step examples for each
  • Limitations and Considerations when implementing RLS

By the end of this guide, you will better understand RLS, its applications, and its limitations. Additionally, a PBIX example file will be provided for in-depth, hands-on exploration of this topic.


What is Row-Level Security

Row-level Security (RLS) within Power BI restricts data access for report viewers based on their identity by enabling us to establish rules within our data model to filter data rows.

Consider it as always adding another filter to the appropriate users. These filters are applied at the dataset level, ensuring that users can only see the information they can access, regardless of how they interact with the report

It is important to note that users who have more than viewer permissions to the Power BI workspace have access to the entire semantic model. RLS only restricts data access for users with Viewer permissions.


Why use Row-Level Security

There are several key advantages to using Row-Level Security (RLS) when creating our reports.

Security and Privacy

RLS helps prevent users from seeing data they shouldn’t have access to. This can become especially important when the dataset includes sensitive data.

Efficiency and Scalability

Managing separate reports for different departments or roles can be cumbersome. With RLS, we can create and customize one report for each user role. This approach is easier to maintain, scales better, and reduces the likelihood of inconsistencies and errors.

Improved User Experience

Users no longer need to apply slicers or filters to view only their data of interest. RLS automatically handles this when the report is rendered, resulting in a cleaner and more user-friendly report.


Static Row-Level Security

Static Row-Level Security (RLS) is the most straightforward form of RLS. In this approach, we manually define which users can access specific rows of data, usually by applying filters based on criteria such as Region or Department. This method works well when there is a small group of users and the access rules do not change frequently.

Step-by-Step: Static RLS

Static RLS applies a fixed value in the DAX filter when rendering our report. Configuring static RLS involves several steps.

1. Creating RLS roles in Power BI Desktop
To create RLS roles in Power BI Desktop, navigate to the Modeling tab and select Manage Roles.

Then, we select + New under Roles on the manage security roles dialog box. For this sample report, we create a role for each sales region.

We give each role a descriptive name, select the table to which the filter is applied, and create the filter condition.

After each role is created, any user we assign to the Asia, Europe, or United States role will only see data filtered to that specific region.

This approach is considered Static RLS since we use a static value to define each role.

2. Testing the roles in Power BI Desktop
Within Power BI Desktop, we can test each role to validate it by selecting the View as option on the modeling tab.

After selecting a role, we can see the report rendered as if we are a member of that role.

3. Deploying the report to the Power BI Service
Once we create and validate the roles, we publish the report to the Power BI Service as with any other report.

4. Add members to the role in the Power BI Service
To add a member to the role in the Power BI Service, we must navigate to the workspace where we published the report. We locate the semantic model and select the More options ellipsis (…) and then Security.

Within the Row-Level Security screen, we add users or security groups to each role we created. RLS rules will not apply to users who have access to the report but have not been added to a role.

5. Testing the roles in the Power BI Service
On the Security screen, we select the More options ellipsis (…) next to each role and then Test as role.

Once all roles have been validated, we have successfully implemented static row-level Security in Power BI.


Dynamic Row-Level Security

While static RLS can be great for smaller teams, it doesn’t scale well. Manually assigning roles to individuals quickly becomes unmanageable.

Dynamic RLS solves this issue using a User Access Table or a field that defines each user’s role inside our data model. The report utilizes this table to filter itself based on who is viewing the report.

For this example, our data model has an Employee table that contains each employee’s user principal name and role (e.g., Asia Sales, Europe Sales, US Sales, Management, or blank). We utilize this information to implement dynamic RLS by looking up the user’s role based on the user principal name of the viewer currently signed in.

Step-by-Step: Dynamic RLS

1. Set up a dynamic role using DAX
Navigate to the Modeling tab and select Manage Roles. Then, in the Manage Security Roles dialog box, select + New under Roles.

We name the role, select the table to which the filter is applied, and, this time, rather than creating a static filter condition, select Switch to DAX editor to create our dynamic rule.

We filter the Region table based on the current user’s role using the following DAX expression:

SWITCH(
    LOOKUPVALUE(
        Employee[Role], 
        Employee[UPN], 
        USERPRINCIPALNAME()
    ),
    "Asia Sales", Regions[RegionID]=3,
    "Europe Sales", Regions[RegionID]=2,
    "US Sales", Regions[RegionID]=1,
    "Management", TRUE(),
    FALSE()
)

The DAX expression looks up the user’s Role based on the current user’s user principal name (e.g. email).

2. Testing the dynamic filter
After creating the rule, we must test and validate that it functions as expected. We navigate to the Modeling tab and select View as. Then, in the dialog box, we check the Other User option and enter a user’s email. We also check the dynamic filter rule we just created and select OK.

The report will refresh, and we will validate that the TEMP-UPN-2 user, who has the role of US Sales, sees data only for their assigned region.

3. Publish the report and add members to the role
We publish the report to the Power BI Service. Then, to add members to the role in the Power BI Service, we must navigate to the workspace where we published the report. We locate the semantic model and select the More options ellipsis (…) and then Security.

Within the Row-Level Security screen, similar to what we did for static RLS, we can add users or security groups to each role we created.

Since we may implement dynamic row-level Security for better scalability, assigning a security group when adding members can be beneficial. Better yet, this security group can also give users their Viewer access to the report or app.

4. Validate roles in the Power BI Service
On the Security screen, we select the More options ellipsis (…) next to each role and then Test as role.

Then, at the top, we select Now viewing as and Select a person to validate that the RLS is functioning as expected. We will view the report as Jasper (TEMP-UPN-2) as we did in Power BI Desktop.

Note: The TEMP-UPN-# provided in the sample file will only function for testing in Power BI Desktop without requiring an actual email address. The UPN field must contain actual user email addresses to validate in the Power BI Service.

We can also validate the report for Diego (TEMP-UPN-4), who is assigned the Management role and should be able to see data for all sales regions

One last consideration is what happens when a user intentionally or unintentionally has access to view the report but does not have a Role defined in the Employee table.

If we review the DAX expression used for the filter:

SWITCH(
    LOOKUPVALUE(
        Employee[Role], 
        Employee[UPN], 
        USERPRINCIPALNAME()
    ),
    "Asia Sales", Regions[RegionID]=3,
    "Europe Sales", Regions[RegionID]=2,
    "US Sales", Regions[RegionID]=1,
    "Management", TRUE(),
    FALSE()
)

The last value, or the default if no other condition is true, is set to FALSE(). This means that if a user is in the Employee table but either does not have a role or their role doesn’t match one defined in the rule, the report will be empty.

When testing the report, Grady (TEMP-UPN-5) is contained in the Employee table but does not have a role assigned.

Now that everything is working as expected, we have successfully implemented dynamic row-level Security. The benefit is that by using dynamic RLS, we replace four roles with a single rule applied dynamically based on the current user. Additionally, we can add an extra layer and hide data for users who have access to the report but are not assigned a role in the Employee table.


Considerations and Limitations

Before implementing RLS across our reports, it is important to consider and evaluate the impacts of RLS limitations.

A list of limitations can be viewed here:

Learn more about: Row-Level Security with Power BI

It’s also important to understand when Row-Level Security (RLS) is and is not the right tool.

We may consider publishing multiple semantic models if we have only a few simple RLS rules. For example, if we have just two sales regions, we might publish a separate semantic model for each region. Although the semantic models do not enforce RLS, we can use query parameters to filter the source data to the specific sales region. The use of query parameters would still allow us to publish the same model while displaying the relevant data for each region.

Advantages of not using Row-Level Security (RLS) include:

  • Improved Query Performance: With fewer filters applied to the data model, queries can run faster.
  • Smaller Models: While avoiding RLS may increase the number of models, each individual model is generally smaller, which can enhance query performance and data refresh responsiveness.
  • Full Access to Power BI Features: Certain features, like “Publish to the Web”, do not work with RLS.

However, there are also disadvantages to not implementing RLS:

  • Multiple Workspaces Required: Each user audience for reports may require its own workspace.
  • Content Duplication: Reports and dashboards must be created in each workspace, leading to redundancy and increased maintenance efforts.
  • Lack of Consolidated View: Users who belong to multiple report user audiences must open various reports, resulting in no single, consolidated view of their data.

Wrapping Up

Row-Level Security (RLS) is a valuable feature in Power BI that enables us to protect and customize report data according to the identity of the report viewer. With static RLS, we can implement straightforward, fixed access rules, while dynamic RLS offers a more scalable and flexible solution. RLS allows us to provide tailored insights that meet the specific needs of different users.

It’s important to remember that Row-Level Security only filters rows in a table and does not limit access to model objects like tables or columns. If your requirements involve hiding entire tables or specific columns within a table, you should consider using Power BI Object-Level Security (OLS).

RLS can sometimes be overly restrictive when it comes to broader calculations. For example, we could display the total sales for each region to all users or calculate the percentage of total sales across all regions. However, RLS rules filter these total sales values, leading to complications. This is where the concept of partial RLS comes into play, allowing us to secure specific data while still accessing global context for certain calculations.

Stay tuned and subscribe so you won’t miss upcoming posts in this series, focusing on the partial RLS design pattern and object-level security.

If you’d like to follow along and practice these techniques, Power BI sample reports are available here: EMGuyant GitHub – Power BI Security Patterns.


Thank you for reading! Stay curious, and until next time, happy learning.

And, remember, as Albert Einstein once said, “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.” So, don’t be afraid of making mistakes, practice makes perfect. Continuously experiment, explore, and challenge yourself with real-world scenarios.

If this sparked your curiosity, keep that spark alive and check back frequently. Better yet, be sure not to miss a post by subscribing! With each new post comes an opportunity to learn something new.

Explore Power BI Core Visualizations: Part 4 – Table and Matrix Visuals


Table and Matrix visuals in Power BI are essential for presenting detailed and structured data. Both visuals excel at displaying large amounts of information while highlighting trends, relationships, and hierarchies.

Tables offer a simple way to present data in a straightforward tabular format and are best for displaying detailed row-level data, such as sales records, inventory lists, or customer information. Unlike other visuals that summarize data at a high level, tables retain all details, making them an excellent tool for deep-dive analysis.

Matrix visuals enhance this capability by grouping and summarizing data hierarchically. Unlike tables that present data in a flat structure, matrix visuals allow for expandable rows. Users can then collapse or expand these groupings interactively to meet their needs.

Table and Matrix visuals are excellent for presenting data and hierarchical summaries, but they may not be suitable for every situation. It’s important to choose the right visual for effective reporting. To discover other essential visuals, check out Parts #1, #2, and #3 of the Explore Power BI Core Visualizations series.

Chart your data journey! Transform data into insights with Power BI core visualizations. 

Chart your data journey! Transform data into insights with Power BI core visualizations. 

Chart your data journey! Transform data into insights with Power BI core visualizations. 


Customizing Table Visuals

Table visuals in Power BI can be challenging to read and may become overwhelming if not formatted properly. Power BI offers a range of properties that allow us to customize our table visuals, enhancing readability, improving structure, and dynamically highlighting key insights.

Formatting the Table Layout

The fundamentals of formatting our table visuals involve customizing the grid, values, column headers, and totals properties. By adjusting these elements, we can enhance the appearance and clarity of our table visuals, making them more readable for our viewers.

The grid properties of our table visuals dictate how rows and columns are separated, providing a structured appearance.

We can toggle the horizontal and vertical gridlines on or off based on the requirements of the visual and the desired level of separation between rows and columns. Enabling the gridlines results in a structured layout, while disabling them offers a more minimalist design.

Additionally, the borders property allows us to define and apply borders to various sections of the table visual, including the column header, values section, and totals section.

In this example, we enable both the horizontal and vertical gridlines and set the bottom border of the column header section to an accent green color.

Next, we will focus on the Values property section. This area allows us to customize text styles and background colors, essential for ensuring our tables are readable and visually engaging.

We can specify the primary text color, background color, and alternate colors to differentiate between alternating rows in the visual. Alternating the styles of the rows improves readability and makes it easier to track values across each row.

The final basic formatting properties to consider are the column headers and totals. The column header properties allow us to adjust the font size, background color, and text alignment, which helps create a structured and easy-to-read table.

When we enable the Totals property, our table will include a row that aggregates the values from each column. We can customize this row’s font style, text color, and background color to distinguish it from the standard data rows.

In our example, we set the column headers to white with a dark blue background, making the header row easily identifiable. Additionally, we activate the totals row, giving it dark blue text, a gray background, and top and bottom borders to further differentiate it from the other data rows.

Enhancing Tables with Advanced and Conditional Formatting

In addition to basic formatting, Power BI provides multiple settings and options for advanced and conditional formatting, allowing for greater control over the appearance of table visuals. These options enable targeted formatting for specific columns and dynamic styling for key data points and trends.

We can utilize the specific column properties to apply unique formatting to individual columns, offering the flexibility to adjust the styling of headers, values, and total values for different series.

For example, we can include the count of transactions alongside our sales data in the table. Using the specific column properties, we can set the text color of the values and totals to visually distinguish them from the primary focus of the sales amounts.

The cell elements properties offer additional customization options and enable dynamic formatting. These customizations enhance our ability to highlight trends and identify key values.

For instance, using these properties, we can conditionally format the background and text color of the Sales Year-over-Year (YoY) series. This lets us quickly see which products have experienced growth or decline compared to the previous year.

We enable data bars for the current and last year’s sales series, visually comparing sales values across different products.

We also activate the icons feature for the current year’s sales values. We add a trending upward arrow for products whose current-year sales exceed those of the previous year and a downward arrow for products whose current-year sales are lower than last year’s. This visual representation quickly indicates product sales growth next to each product category and complements the Sales Year-over-Year series.

By integrating fundamental concepts, specific column formatting, cell elements, and conditional formatting, our Power BI table visuals can become dynamic and intuitive report elements that lead users to insights.


Customize Matrix Visuals

The Matrix visual in Power BI shares many of the same formatting options as the Table visual, including Grid, Values, Column headers, Specific column, and Cell elements formatting. However, Matrix visuals introduce additional formatting options for the hierarchical data structure.

Row Headers

Row headers are a key feature of Matrix visuals, allowing viewers to group and drill into the data. Power BI lets us define the font styling, text alignment, text color, and background color. We can also customize the size and color of the expand and collapse (+/-) buttons, or not show them all together.

Subtotals and Grand Totals

Row subtotals summarize data at each hierarchical level, allowing viewers to see how individual categories contribute to the overall total.

By toggling a setting in the Format options, we can enable or disable row subtotals. When row subtotals are enabled, we can customize the font and background styling and define the total label and its position.

In our example, we enable row subtitles and adjust the styling to ensure consistency with other visual elements. We then set the position of the subtotal to the bottom and activate the row-level settings. Under these settings, we select Product Code and label it as “Subtotal.” Next, we choose Product and label it “Grand Total.”

Grand totals display the final sum of all row and column values in our Matrix visuals. Proper formatting ensures these totals remain distinct and easy to locate.

The formatting options include font styling, font color, and background color.


Advanced Techniques and Customizations

The table and matrix visuals in Power BI provide a range of options for creating unique presentations that enhance data visualization, interactivity, and analytical depth. By designing these visuals thoughtfully, we can highlight key insights, delve deeper into our data, and create dynamic reports tailored to the viewers’ needs. Let’s explore some advanced examples that go beyond the basics.

Clean and Straightforward Sales Totals

This matrix visual presents a structured overview of our sales totals across different regions, product categories, and years. The clear and straightforward presentation makes analyzing trends over time and across regions easy.

We add a matrix visual to our report canvas to create this visual. Next, we place the Region and Product data into the Rows field, the Year into the Columns field, and a Total Sales measure into the Values field. After that, we expand all rows by one level and position the row subtotals at the bottom. Finally, we change the label for the Product row level label to Subtotal.

In the Layouts and Style Presets options, we set the Style to “None” and the Layout to “Outline.” We also toggled off the Repeat Row Headers option.

Under the Values properties, we adjust the background color and alternate background color to match the color of the matrix background.

Next, we format our column headers and the grand total section.

Column Headers:

  • Background color: matrix background color
  • Font color: dark blue font color
  • Font style: semi-bold and font size 11

Row/Column Grand Total:

  • Background color: a darker tone of the matrix background color
  • Font color: the same dark blue used for the values

To complete the visual, under the Cell elements properties, we enable data bars and set the positive bar color to a tone of the matrix background, ensuring that the bars and values are easy to read.

Month and Day of Week Sales Heat Map

We can use the Power BI matrix visual to create a heat map that visually displays sales performance across different days of the week and months. This heat map is created using the conditional formatting feature for cell elements, effectively highlighting patterns in our sales distribution.

We place a month name series in the rows field, a weekday name abbreviation series in the columns field, and a total sales measure in the values field.

Then, we toggle off the row and column subtotals.

To create a heat map, we start by enabling the background color property under the Cell elements section.

In the Background Color dialog box, we set the Format Style to gradient based on our Total Sales measure. Next, we add a middle color and set the colors for both the minimum and center values to match the matrix background, while the color for the maximum value is set to a dark blue. Including a middle color helps emphasize the top performances in the heat map.

Next, we enable the font color property under Cell elements.

In the Font Color dialog box, we set the Format Style to gradient based on our Total Sales measure. We then add a middle color and set both the minimum and maximum values to match the background color of the matrix. For the center value, we select a slightly darker shade. By setting these colors, we can hide values close to the minimum, gradually reveal values as they approach the maximum, and ensure that the light color of the maximum stands out against the dark blue background.

Product Review Ratings with Custom SVG Icons

This matrix visual uses custom SVG icons to show average product ratings by region, product, and product code.

We start by adding the Product and Product Code columns to the Rows fields, the Region column to the Columns field, three measures to the Values fields, and applying general formatting to the column headers.

The measures are:

Score SVG = 
VAR prefix = MAXX(FILTER(Icons, Icons[Name]="prefix"), Icons[SVGIcon])
VAR _00 = MAXX(FILTER(Icons, Icons[Name]="Satisfaction0.0"), Icons[SVGIcon])
VAR _05 = MAXX(FILTER(Icons, Icons[Name]="Satisfaction0.5"), Icons[SVGIcon])
VAR _10= MAXX(FILTER(Icons, Icons[Name]="Satisfaction1.0"), Icons[SVGIcon])
VAR _15= MAXX(FILTER(Icons, Icons[Name]="Satisfaction1.5"), Icons[SVGIcon])
VAR _20= MAXX(FILTER(Icons, Icons[Name]="Satisfaction2.0"), Icons[SVGIcon])
VAR _25= MAXX(FILTER(Icons, Icons[Name]="Satisfaction2.5"), Icons[SVGIcon])
VAR _30= MAXX(FILTER(Icons, Icons[Name]="Satisfaction3.0"), Icons[SVGIcon])
VAR _35= MAXX(FILTER(Icons, Icons[Name]="Satisfaction3.5"), Icons[SVGIcon])
VAR _40= MAXX(FILTER(Icons, Icons[Name]="Satisfaction4.0"), Icons[SVGIcon])
VAR _45= MAXX(FILTER(Icons, Icons[Name]="Satisfaction4.5"), Icons[SVGIcon])
VAR _50= MAXX(FILTER(Icons, Icons[Name]="Satisfaction5.0"), Icons[SVGIcon])

RETURN
SWITCH(
    TRUE(),
    [Average Score]<0.5, prefix&_00,
    [Average Score]>=0.5 && [Average Score]<1.0, prefix&_05,
    [Average Score]>=1.0 && [Average Score]<1.5, prefix&_10,
    [Average Score]>=1.5 && [Average Score]<2.0, prefix&_15,
    [Average Score]>=2.0 && [Average Score]<2.5, prefix&_20,
    [Average Score]>=2.5 && [Average Score]<3.0, prefix&_25,
    [Average Score]>=3.0 && [Average Score]<3.5, prefix&_30,
    [Average Score]>=3.5 && [Average Score]<4.0, prefix&_35,
    [Average Score]>=4.0 && [Average Score]<4.5, prefix&_40,
    [Average Score]>=4.5 && [Average Score]<=5.0, prefix&_50
)
Average Score = 
AVERAGE(Reviews[SatisfactionScore])
Review Count = 
COALESCE(COUNTROWS(Reviews), 0)

We enable column and row subtotals and format the grand totals section to visually distinguish it from the main data.

This visual enhances the user experience by making the review score data more intuitive to explore and understand.

These examples demonstrate how Power BI’s Table and Matrix visuals can be used and customized to improve our reports. By leveraging these visuals and the customization options they offer, we can create engaging, insightful, and easy-to-interpret reports.


Wrapping Up

Table and Matrix visuals in Power BI are effective tools for presenting structured data, whether through detailed tables or hierarchical matrices. By applying formatting and customization techniques, these visuals can transform our data and provide clear and intuitive insights.

Advanced features such as drill-down capabilities, cell element customization, and conditional formatting enhance these visuals beyond merely presenting numbers, making them more interactive and visually engaging. Table and Matrix visuals offer the flexibility to meet a variety of our reporting needs.

If you’d like to follow along and practice these techniques, sample data, and a Power BI report template file are available here: GitHub – EMGuyant Power BI Core Visuals.


Thank you for reading! Stay curious, and until next time, happy learning.

And, remember, as Albert Einstein once said, “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.” So, don’t be afraid of making mistakes, practice makes perfect. Continuously experiment, explore, and challenge yourself with real-world scenarios.

If this sparked your curiosity, keep that spark alive and check back frequently. Better yet, be sure not to miss a post by subscribing! With each new post comes an opportunity to learn something new.